很多雅思考生都認為閱讀是雅思中最不需要詞匯的一門單項,依靠技巧就萬事大吉。這種想法是完全錯誤的。事實上,不管是雅思、托福抑或是高考,閱讀準確性首先需基于對題目的正確理解。雅思閱讀考試的考核目的之一正是為了檢驗考生是否具有一定的詞匯量,以順利完成國外學(xué)業(yè)和生活。所以,了解閱讀中詞匯考查重點是尤為關(guān)鍵的。俗話說,知己知彼,方可百戰(zhàn)百勝?？偨Y(jié)下來,雅思閱讀考試對詞匯的檢驗可分為三部分,將在此文中做一詳述。
一、對詞義的理解
即是否理解該單詞的正確含義。
比如：The growing importance of themiddle classes leds to an increased demandfor dictionaries.
Johnson set up an academy to helpwith thewriting of hisDictionary.
這兩道題為判斷題,同時都是考察對關(guān)鍵詞的正確理解程度。首先academy 解釋為"學(xué)術(shù)團隊",middle class為"中產(chǎn)階級".如果認識這兩個詞,那么解這道題就會變得簡單許多,可以直接將該兩個詞作為定位詞,回原文快速定位。
又如：The expected statistical outcome.
這道題是段與句搭配題,一直是雅思閱讀難讀系數(shù)最高的題型之一。但若能正確分析statistical的含義,問題自然能迎刃而解。這里的statistical解釋為"數(shù)據(jù)",通過字義應(yīng)該回原文找數(shù)字最集中的一個段落。
再如：What is thewriter‘smain pointabout lobby groups in paragraph 6
A.Some aremore active than others.
B.Some are better organised than others.
C.Some receive more criticism thanothers.
D.Some supportmore important issuesthan others.
根據(jù)題目指示,回第6段定位That would matter less if people applied the same degree of scepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields.這題的解題關(guān)鍵就是對原文這句話中scepticism的理解。其詞義為"懷疑",對應(yīng)的是C選項中的criticism,因此答案應(yīng)為C.
二、感情色彩
即判斷單詞的正面/負面色彩。
如：Australians have been turning to al-ternative therapies in increasing numbersover the past 20 years.
該題為判斷題,在原文中可以找到相對應(yīng)的句子為 Disenchantment with orthodox medicine has seen the popularity of alternative therapies in Australia climb steadily during the past 20 years.大多數(shù)考生普遍不認識disenchantment,但通過該詞前綴dis-（否定前綴）,可以推斷出其感情色彩應(yīng)為負面；相對應(yīng)的是popularity為正面感情色彩,因此可以推斷出原文該句理解為"在過去20年澳大利亞‘alternative therapies‘越來越受歡迎,而‘orthodox medicine‘越來越受冷落",所以該題為True.并且,從中可以推測出 alternative therapies與 orthodox medicine為一對相反詞,alternative為"選擇性",借助整句句義,可以推測出orthodox為"傳統(tǒng)性",這對之后其他題型的解題幫助甚大。
又如：In the past,Australians had a high-er opinion of doctors than they do today.
該題同樣為判斷題,原文相對應(yīng)句子為
The high standing of professionals, including doctors, has been eroded as a consequence. 這句中consequence意為"不好的結(jié)果",是負面單詞,因此推斷出erode也為負面單詞,那么這句句義就可以理解為醫(yī)生的地位現(xiàn)在結(jié)果不好。所以,答案為True.
三、同義替換
即是否同時掌握具備相同含義的多個近義詞。
如 :It has been suggested that children hold mistaken views about the ‘pure‘ science that they study at school.
該題為判斷題,回原文定位Many studies have shown that children harbour misconceptions about ‘pure‘, curriculum science.,這句話中curriculum（課程總稱）對應(yīng)的即為題目中的"at school",因此為True.
又如：Which species swims upside down while eating
該題為簡答題,原文中…freshwater dolphins,which often swim on their side or upside down while feeding… 該句中feeding即為題目中的eating,所以可以完全肯定答案為freshwater dolphins.
從雅思閱讀中詞匯的考點分析中可以發(fā)現(xiàn),單詞在閱讀中的重要性不容忽視。因此,建議大家一定要高度重視詞匯量的積累,在強調(diào)題量的同時,可以借助分析題目和文章,記錄一定的同義詞替換；并且在背誦單詞時,做一個有心人,了解學(xué)習(xí)單詞的相關(guān)構(gòu)詞法（詞根、詞綴）。只要努力堅持一段時間,學(xué)生就會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的詞匯量不但上去了,背單詞也變得簡單了,當然閱讀的速度和準確率也相應(yīng)地得到了提高。
