“簡(jiǎn)化法”速攻雅思聽(tīng)力（中）——廣州朗閣雅思

    雅思選擇題最常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題就是來(lái)不及審題。選擇題的審題量比填空題大是顯而易見(jiàn)的，除了題干之外，選擇題比填空題至少多出三個(gè)選項(xiàng)要審。所以在某些情況下，聽(tīng)力的選擇題甚至考驗(yàn)的是考生的閱讀速度。而解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的最直接的方法就是要盡一切可能在審題的時(shí)候簡(jiǎn)化選項(xiàng)，以減少聽(tīng)題時(shí)的閱讀負(fù)擔(dān)。
上一章節(jié)中，朗閣專(zhuān)家們?yōu)槲覀兘榻B了2種簡(jiǎn)化選項(xiàng)的方法，今天就讓我們一起跟隨名師的腳步，繼續(xù)探尋速攻雅思聽(tīng)力的其余“簡(jiǎn)化法”。

三、合并同類(lèi)項(xiàng)
在單選題中，有時(shí)候會(huì)出現(xiàn)三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都含有共同的要素。這時(shí)候，朗閣海外考試研究中心建議該要素可作為定位詞定位答案，而不需要作為選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞去關(guān)注。這樣，我們往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，選項(xiàng)除去共同因素之后剩下的單詞已經(jīng)所剩無(wú)幾，這時(shí)候，我們真正需要注意的是三個(gè)選項(xiàng)的不同之處，而這些細(xì)微的不同之處往往就是答案的關(guān)鍵。這種情況在單選題中并不少見(jiàn)，也很容易掌握，下面我們來(lái)看一些例子。
 
6-2-4
34. Rival systems started to appear in Europe after people had
A. been told about the American systems.
B. seen the American system.
C. used the American system.
 
答案：A
原文：a number of rival European systems started to appear once people had heard about it.
在這道題中，我們可以清楚地看到，當(dāng)把選項(xiàng)中的“the American systems”拿掉之后，每個(gè)選項(xiàng)就只剩下一個(gè)動(dòng)詞了，我們選項(xiàng)簡(jiǎn)化的目的就達(dá)到了。
 
7-4-4
31. The speaker says the main topic of the lecture is
A. the history of monosodium glutamate.
B. the way monosodium glutamate works.
C. where monosodium glutamate is used.
 
答案：B
原文：Today I am going to explore why it is so popular in these cuisines and more importantly, how does it enhance the flavor of food?
這道題第一眼看上去選項(xiàng)十分復(fù)雜，但是實(shí)際上最復(fù)雜的那一部分“monosodium glutamate”在三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都是重復(fù)的，撇開(kāi)不看，剩下的一共就只有三個(gè)詞了。
 
四、排除法
在我們簡(jiǎn)化選項(xiàng)的方法中，排除法是難度較高、較難掌握、同時(shí)有一定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的方法。不過(guò)排除法往往只適用于單選題。在單選題中，當(dāng)其中兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)意思接近，而第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)和這兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)毫無(wú)關(guān)系的時(shí)候，可以將第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)排除。不過(guò)在排除第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)之后，還有一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的步驟不能忘記，就是要分析剩下的兩個(gè)相近的選項(xiàng)的不同之處。和合并同類(lèi)項(xiàng)一樣，這個(gè)不同之處就是我們解題的關(guān)鍵。
 
5-3-2
18. Students wishing to live off-campus should apply
A. Several months in advance
B. Two or three weeks in advance
C. At the beginning of term
 
答案：A
原文：if you’re starting in October you need to be thinking about it in June or at the very latest July.
這道題中，A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)都涉及到“in advance”，同時(shí)several和two or three雖然是不同的詞，但是意思接近，所以唯一的區(qū)別就是“months”和“weeks”。這時(shí)候，C選項(xiàng)就可以直接排除，然后我們?cè)诼?tīng)力過(guò)程中，注意區(qū)別是“months”還是“weeks”就可以了。題目難度大大降低。
 
5-3-2
19. The university accommodation officer will
A. send a list of agents for students to contact.
B. contact accommodation agencies for students.
C. ensure that students have suitable accommodation.
 
答案：B
原文：she’s got plenty of contacts in the town and will deal with the agencies on your behalf.
這道題目中，可以看出A和B兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中都出現(xiàn)了agents/agencies, students以及contact三個(gè)共同因素，而C選項(xiàng)只出現(xiàn)了students，所以排除C。這時(shí)候要注意A和B的區(qū)別，A強(qiáng)調(diào)的是accommodation officer讓學(xué)生去聯(lián)系中介，而B(niǎo)則是accommodation officer替學(xué)生去聯(lián)系。
 
5-3-2
20. With regard to their English, the speaker advises the students to
A. tell their lectures if they have problems understanding.
B. have private English lessons when they arrive.
C. practice their spoken English before they arrive.
 
答案：C
原文：some extra practice before you arrive is worth…
這道題當(dāng)中，B和C都提到了學(xué)習(xí)English和學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間“when they arrive”、“before they arrive”，明顯排除A，然后注意聽(tīng)是來(lái)之前還是來(lái)之后就可以了。
 
4-4-2
13. The walks offered by Travelite
A. cater for a range of walking abilities.
B. are planned by guides from the local areas.
C. are for people with good fitness levels.
 
答案：A
原文：Each day we offer three separate walks catering for all skills and fitness levels.
前面三道題目都比較容易排除，因?yàn)閺淖置嫔暇涂梢灾苯涌闯龉餐c(diǎn)和區(qū)別，但是這道題目的三個(gè)選項(xiàng)從字面上看都完全不一樣，需要仔細(xì)分析。選項(xiàng)A和C提到的walking abilities和fitness levels指的都是身體條件；而A中的a range of指的是所有，C則強(qiáng)調(diào)要good。這兩點(diǎn)就是共同點(diǎn)和區(qū)別，而選項(xiàng)B則和這兩點(diǎn)都毫無(wú)關(guān)系，所以排除B。
 
4-3-4
39. Which argument was used against having a drama theatre?
A. It would be expensive and no students would use it.
B. It would be a poor use of resources because only a minority would use it.
C. It could not accommodate large productions of plays.
 
答案：B
原文：Just over forty percent of the respondents were in favor, but a largish minority were strongly against it…
這是一道超長(zhǎng)選項(xiàng)的單選題，乍一看無(wú)處下手，但是耐心讀一下題目，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)AB強(qiáng)調(diào)的都是學(xué)生的使用率，而C則和學(xué)生毫無(wú)關(guān)系。所以我們可以排除C，然后注意A中的no use和B中的a minority use。
 
排除法不僅僅能夠簡(jiǎn)化選項(xiàng)，而且減少一個(gè)選項(xiàng)可以大大增加我們的正確率。但是朗閣海外考試研究中心提醒考生們使用的時(shí)候一定要慎重，不能看到選項(xiàng)中有一兩個(gè)詞一樣，就立刻排除，一定要關(guān)鍵詞指代的意思相同，并且有微妙的區(qū)別，而且第三個(gè)選項(xiàng)一定是和另外兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)毫無(wú)共同之處的。否則，有可能聰明反被聰明誤，反而把正確選項(xiàng)給排除了，這就得不償失了。

廣州朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)