若想把一門外語說得“湊合得過去”，至少需要掌握幾百個(gè)基本單詞。

我們中的絕大部分人，對于學(xué)習(xí)一門新語言都有相同的抱怨：“我記性不好。”的確，學(xué)習(xí)新詞匯是挺讓人望而生畏的，尤其對于那些已經(jīng)被工作、家庭和其他責(zé)任占領(lǐng)了全部心思的成年人來說。

就此沃爾得名師整理分享一些記憶單詞的好方法，有興趣的同學(xué)可以借鑒一下：

1. Set realistic goals 
確定比較現(xiàn)實(shí)的目標(biāo)

Forget the long vocabulary study sheets, or reading the dictionary. Experts say that learners are capable or retaining 10-20 words per study hour. If you do 15 minutes of self-study per day, set a weekly vocabulary goal of 20-25 words and phrases. That’s only six weeks until the 120-word “survival kit” is learned and memorised.
把詞匯書、厚字典先扔到一邊兒去吧。專家認(rèn)為，每人每小時(shí)能夠掌握10-20個(gè)單詞。如果你每天都學(xué)習(xí)15分鐘，那么可以把每周計(jì)劃單詞量設(shè)置為20-25個(gè)生詞及詞組。這樣一來，只需要6個(gè)禮拜，你就能學(xué)會(huì)并牢記住那120個(gè)“生存必備單詞”啦。

2. Cluster
使用分組記憶法

Those one-word-a-day language learning apps may feel convenient, but thematically, they’re all over the place, delivering a chain of unrelated words: envelope, tired, January, receive, onion. Focus on a single theme each week. The mind naturally clusters connected words together, so learning, say, types of weather in one lesson, and parts of the body the next, works in tune with your brain’s natural system for classifying information. 
有些“一日一詞”之類的語言學(xué)習(xí)類應(yīng)用可能看著挺方便，但實(shí)際上呢，他們雜亂無章地把一堆毫無聯(lián)系的詞匯擺到你面前，比如：信封、疲憊、一月、接受、洋蔥等等。不如一周只學(xué)習(xí)一個(gè)主題。這樣就可以把相關(guān)的詞匯連起來，一起記憶。比如，第一節(jié)課，你可以只學(xué)習(xí)與“天氣”有關(guān)的單詞；下一次課呢，學(xué)習(xí)“身體部位”……如此這般，你的大腦會(huì)自然而然地將信息分類。

3. Avoid opposites
不要用“反義詞法”來記憶

It might seem logical to study opposites together: hot/cold, expensive/cheap. It isn't. A learning hiccup called 'cross association' can occur, when you learn two words so closely together you end up mixing them up. If a Spanish student learns 'always' (siempre) and 'never' (nunca) together, they might later draw on one word when they mean to use the other. Instead, study the more common word first (eg: deep) and, once it’s retained, learn its opposite (shallow).
看上去，似乎記憶反義詞是挺不錯(cuò)的學(xué)習(xí)方法：冷/熱、昂貴/便宜。其實(shí)不然，它會(huì)導(dǎo)致“聯(lián)想混淆”，讓你把兩個(gè)總是一起記憶的單詞混到一塊兒去了。假如一個(gè)西班牙學(xué)生學(xué)英語，把”always永遠(yuǎn)”（西語：siempre）和”never從不”(西語：nunca)放在一起記憶，他很可能會(huì)在對話中使用與其本意相反的那個(gè)詞。我們應(yīng)該先學(xué)習(xí)常用的詞匯，比如“deep”（深）；等掌握了它，再學(xué)反義詞“shallow”（淺）。

4. Dissect new words
剖析生詞

When encountering a new word, take a look at its structure. Many words consist of prefixes and suffixes, and an understanding of these parts of speech is advantageous. The French word désagréable, for example, contains the negating prefix dés- and the adjective-forming suffix –able. Studying these affixes can help you to understand conjugation and structure, and make educated guesses when encountering new vocabulary.
看到一個(gè)生詞，就該先琢磨它的結(jié)構(gòu)。很多詞匯都有前綴/后綴，一旦掌握了這些前后綴，對辨識(shí)詞義的幫助極大。比如法語詞匯“désagréable”中含有否定義的前綴“dés-”和表形容詞屬性的后綴“-able”。學(xué)會(huì)這些綴詞能幫你理解詞形、結(jié)構(gòu)，以及正確推測出生詞的含義。
 

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