朗閣海外考試研究中心  

俗話說：A good beginning is half done. 的確如此，良好的開端奠定了成功的基礎(chǔ)。雅思寫作也不例外。如何在有限的時間內(nèi)，又快又好的寫出一個讓閱卷人眼前一亮的開頭段，想必是眾多烤鴨渴望了解的秘密武器。讓你的開頭段清新自然、讓你的開頭段行云流水、讓你的開頭段大大的吸引考官的眼球是每一個朗閣雅思寫作專家追求的夢想。

好多同學(xué)拿到大作文的考題，思來想去卻無從下筆，有的甚至只會copy the rubric, 把題目原封不動的抄寫下來。殊不知，這樣考官就會牢牢地抓住你的小辮子，在統(tǒng)計字?jǐn)?shù)時，你所抄寫的那一部分就不會被統(tǒng)計在內(nèi)了。朗閣雅思培訓(xùn)專家建議各位考生要了解開頭段寫作的小技巧小秘密，首先就要學(xué)會如何充分利用原題改寫信息。

Here is an example:

At present it is hard for college graduates to find jobs. Many people claim that college teachers should give priority to practical courses like computer science and business over such traditional ones as history and geography. What do you think?

通過題目分析，我們可以看出題目本身給出了背景信息，也給出了一些人的觀點，那么，好！我們就可以順坡下驢，很巧妙的對題目進(jìn)行一個轉(zhuǎn)述，輕松的寫出一個自然流暢的開頭段。那么怎么做呢？首先，我們要找到題目當(dāng)中哪些詞是可以為我們所用，可以被替換掉的？聰明的你一定看到了：at present可以被替換成these days、today、at the present time、currently、in the contemporary society / world等等；hard可以用difficult兩種常用句式find it difficult to do、have difficulties in doing sth. 來實現(xiàn)替換；而college students可以用一個時間狀語從句College students…when they graduate來變換，不僅簡潔，而且用到了復(fù)合句。所以第一句話可以輕松的改寫成：These days, college students have great difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. You see, it’s very simple.

接著再往下看，many是修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，那么我們可以大展拳腳了，numerous、countless、a great/large/vast number of、a great many等等都可以派上用場；動詞claim也比較好找到同義詞argue、contend、insist、maintain、assert、proclaim、state、advocate、hold the view that都可以，大家只要記住兩三個就可以了；最難的是give priority to，這個詞是優(yōu)先考慮的意思，我們可以用pay more / increasing attention to、lay more stress / emphasis on、attach great importance to等實現(xiàn)替換；那么接下來我們就讓這道題目實現(xiàn)一個華麗的轉(zhuǎn)身：

These days there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. （事實引入）A large number of people hold the opinion that lack of practical knowledge contributes to this situation. In light of this, they contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones.（點題） For my part, I am in favor of their viewpoint（個人觀點）.

是不是看起來非常的流暢自然呢？開頭段一定要keep it slim, 保持苗條、拒絕臃腫，這樣更能突出你主體段論證的深度。其實上面這個開頭段還可以再濃縮一下，變成三句話，你看效果是不是更簡潔了呢：

These days there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate. （事實引入）In light of this, a large number of people contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones.（點題） For my part, I am in favor of their viewpoint（個人觀點）.

這是我們實現(xiàn)大作文開頭段的第一步，要學(xué)會paraphrase(改述），但更大的技巧在于我們要了解雅思大作文寫作題目通常涵蓋的幾種關(guān)系：即包含關(guān)系，對等關(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。

一、   包含關(guān)系

1.   among which

有些題目本身會體現(xiàn)出一種包含的關(guān)系，就是A事件有很多后果，而B是其中之一。這里給各位考生一個句子，以供大家移花接木之用：

(this phenomenon might have quite a few positive/negative effects), among which B could be one of the most remarkable.

下面我們來看一道題：

A recent survey shows that teenagers spend 14 hours watching television programs each week, but only 6 hours with their family members. Some people claim that this has an unfavorable influence on the relationship between them and their family members. What are the causes and what are your solutions?

通過這道題目，我們可以很清楚的分析出A所代表的事件是青少年每周花大部分的空閑時間看電視，而只有很少的時間和家人在一起，這種現(xiàn)象會產(chǎn)生很多不利的后果，而B對于家庭成員之間關(guān)系的不利影響是其中最顯著的，由此點題。那么這道題目我們就可以轉(zhuǎn)述成由among which 引導(dǎo)的一個定語從句的形式：

A recent survey indicates young people in their teens spend the vast majority of their spare time watching TV rather than talking with other family members. This phenomenon might bring quite a few negative effects, among which the unfavorable influence on the family relationship could be one of the most remarkable.

2.   在問題—解決引出主題的過程中，我們也可以套用一個大范圍——小范圍問題或者很多解決方案——解決方案之一來實現(xiàn)開頭段的創(chuàng)作，舉例如下：

It is important for children to learn what is right and what is wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn the distinction. To what extent do you agree, and what sort of punishment should be given?

我們通過對于題目的思考，迅速找到A是教會兒童明辨是非有很多方法，而B（懲罰）就是很流行的一種手段，由此，我們迅速的寫出開頭段，點到題目：

Children should be instilled what is right and what is wrong at an early age. There are quite a few ways to achieve this end, among which punishment is a very popular means.

通過包含關(guān)系among which寫出的開頭段雖然很有新意，但并不適用于所有的題目，它是有局限性的。因此，我們有必要去了解其他的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。

二、   對等關(guān)系

如果題目中明確地給出了兩方觀點，我們可以通過強對比引出主題：先寫強對比的事物A，然后再寫主題B

1)  While/ whereas/ whilst

舉個例子來說：

What are your opinions about the advantages and disadvantages of “fast food” and “traditional food”?

題目中明確給出了兩個主體“快餐”和“傳統(tǒng)食物”利弊的博弈，那么我們只需輕輕一對比，就實現(xiàn)了點題：

Some people hurry to fast food restaurant to save their time, whereas some others wait a relatively long time for traditional food.

2)  On the other hand

On the other hand絕對是一個很好用的詞組，用好了可以起到錦上添花的作用，但一定切忌它必須是表示相反或相悖的概念。

例2：Nowadays, there are two kinds of school: public and private.

用on the other hand 同樣可以實現(xiàn)對比，起到點題的作用

Recently, there is a growing tendency for students to enter private schools. On the other hand, some people still prefer to go to public schools.

其實，雅思寫作最牛的是自己去創(chuàng)造背景，它的實現(xiàn)有很多種方法，最美妙的一種方式就是轉(zhuǎn)折法，我們具體來看。

三、   轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

大多數(shù)的題目都是可以拋磚引玉的，即通過轉(zhuǎn)折的方式引出主題B but A。

should have … however / Admittedly … however

舉例如下：

A report indicates that nowadays children are becoming more and more lazy, fat and unsociable.

這個題目詮釋了這樣一個事實，當(dāng)今的孩子變得越來越lazy, fat and unsociable一些負(fù)面的信息，那么我們該如何拋磚引玉，如何點到這個題目上。

The social and economic development should have resulted in a happier life. However, recently an increasing number of parents are concerning their children have become lazy, fat and unsociable.

例2：

Nowadays cheap air travel is increasingly popular in the world. To what extent do you think its advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

這是一個科技類題目，關(guān)于探討打折機票利弊的問題，題點有一個詞叫“increasingly popular”，那么我們就可以通過對比的方式實現(xiàn)一種轉(zhuǎn)折，點到題目，如下：

There was a time when air travel was only for the wealthy people and out of reach of majority of citizens. But now low-cost flights are available in many countries. I believe this is, overall, a positive development.

例3：

There is not enough respect for elderly people. What are the causes and what are your solutions?

這是一個報告類的題目，分析老年人沒有得到足夠的尊重的原因并給出解決方案。由題，我們可以想到：尊重老年人是民族的傳統(tǒng)美德，而現(xiàn)在呢，許多年輕人對待老年人不是很尊重，這樣就很自然的點題了，清新而且很流暢！

We tend to agree that being kind to the elderly people is indeed a virtue. However, today not many young people treat seniors respectfully.

通過轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系寫出的開頭段不僅富有創(chuàng)意，別人復(fù)制不了，也不用擔(dān)心考官懷疑你用了模板，而且很富說理性。當(dāng)然這對于考生的要求也比較高，不過也是最容易拿高分的。

雅思寫作究其根源，就是通過語言表達(dá)自我思想，只要善于運用上述幾種方法，勤加操練，相信大家可以得心應(yīng)手。此外，朗閣專家還要提醒各位考生，開頭段一定要盡量避免語法錯誤，否則論證再充分、行文再優(yōu)美的文章也會大打折扣，因為良好的第一印象才是成功的基石。把握雅思寫作的每一步，你離夢想的搖籃就不遠(yuǎn)了！加油！