朗閣海外考試研究中心 

眾所周知，在雅思考試的聽、說、讀和寫四項中，中國考生在寫作單項上分數(shù)最低，而且在全世界排名也處于較低水平，甚至低于鄰國印度。究其原因，朗閣海外考試研究中心的Miranda老師認為以下幾點因素不容忽視。

一、      眼高手低，疏于練習

寫作相對聽、說和讀來說比較耗時傷神；部分考生拿到作文題，不知該如何下筆，全無思路；寫作比較主觀，“烤鴨們”經(jīng)過一兩次的練習后，不像聽力和閱讀一樣知道自己的錯誤所在，感覺看不到明顯的進步和提升，失去寫作動力和激情等等。這些因素導致注定他們大部分不能成為多產(chǎn)的“烤鴨”，甚至有些考生在上戰(zhàn)場前，一篇作文都未曾練習過。試問，像這種情況考生如何能拿高分？

針對這種情況，給大家的建議是：考生作文想考6-6.5分，首先大小作文至少各練習10-15篇，其次，一定要有專業(yè)老師的修改和feedback, 否則，即使寫了千百篇也是徒勞無功，至多也只是鍛煉到了寫作速度，除此之外，考生也一定要總結(jié)和改正之前作文的不良之處，這樣才能得到真正意義上的進步，否則，前兩步也只會是meaningless。

二、      語法輸出功底較差

中國學生的語法本應該是不錯的，從初中到，我們的課堂上不斷地學習語法知識，英語測試中都有大量的語法選擇題。但是有趣的是，一到雅思寫作就完全不行了。這說明了一個問題，其實中國學生的語法不差，知識不會運用在寫作上，缺乏主動輸出的能力。同時，漢語和英語的確有很多不同。比如說，I am of the former for the following reasons. 而不能說because of the following reasons. 或者也可以說I am of the former for the following factors. 所以漢語說“我支持前者因為以下原因”翻譯成英語時應按照英文表達習慣，否則按照漢語慣性思維容易寫出英語錯句。

三、      漢語思維影響

中國學生大多數(shù)都是用漢式思維來構(gòu)思文章，然后再用英語表達出來或者說翻譯出來。這樣，很容易導致一些錯誤，例如，“現(xiàn)在越來越多的人選擇出國留學。”這句話，很多學生按照漢語直接翻譯出來的版本是：“Nowadays, there are more and more people choose to study abroad.”此句有語法錯誤，主句中有兩個謂語動詞，應改成“Nowadays, there are more and more people who choose to study abroad.”或“Nowadays, there are more and more people choosing to study abroad.”

在長期的雅思教學和批閱hundreds of考生習作的過程中，朗閣海外考試研究中心的Miranda老師發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國學生的雅思寫作錯誤驚人的相似。在經(jīng)過仔細的整理和篩選后，這些錯誤被分成了七大類，并附上學生例句作為負面教材，以及分析和修正版例句。

一、   雙謂語錯句

e.g. For those under 26, there were 80% students study for career.

There be句型屬于雙謂語錯句高發(fā)句型，因為句中的be動詞已經(jīng)是謂語，而句子后面的動詞通常是定語從句中的成分，故不能作為主句中的謂語。例句中同時出現(xiàn)了“were”和“study”，根據(jù)上面的分析，were應該是謂語，而study for career應該是定語從句，因此，例句應修正改成：

For those under 26, there were 80% students who studied for career. 或者For those under 26, there were 80% students studying for career.

又如：Causes for this phenomenon are comprehensive but the major reasons contribute to this problem can be identified from three perspectives.應改成：

Causes for this phenomenon are comprehensive but the major reasons contributing/which contribute to this problem can be identified from three perspectives.

二、      句子不完整

e.g. The most popular kind of transport was by road.

句中主語是the most popular kind of transport，謂語動詞（系動詞）是was，而by road按照語法應該是方式狀語，此句缺乏表語。應改成：

The most popular kind of transport was road.

又如：Many factories in order to get more profits, which made waste water and waste gas.

去除目的狀語“in order to get more profits”和非限制性定語從句“which made waste water and waste gas”，剩下的是many factories，不能作為一個句子。根據(jù)此句想表達的意思，應改為：

Many factories in order to get more profits made waste water and waste gas.

三、   主系表結(jié)構(gòu)使用錯誤

e.g. We are impossible to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.

此句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：we are impossible“我們是不可能”，表意不對。這種表達在英語中對應的句型是：It is…for…to…, 所以應該改成：

It is impossible for us to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.

類似的錯誤例句還有：People are very convenient to get information on the Internet. His profession is a teacher.

四、   情態(tài)動詞后的動詞原形和動名詞的使用出錯

e.g. Another equally vital point to be considered is that building them may costs much money and energy.

這種錯誤可能是筆誤，在雅思作文中偶爾出現(xiàn)不至于扣分，但是通篇都是這樣的錯誤，那么肯定是有影響的。

e.g. Another point to be discussed is that more time spending on computers is harmful to children’s mental health.

“花更多時間在電腦上”這個動詞短語作為主語應該要用動名詞形式：

Another point to be discussed is that spending more time on computers is harmful to children’s mental health.

五、   標點符號用錯

e.g. As far as I am concerned, people should take exercise and relax themselves on a weekly basis. Because it offers great opportunities to release their stress.

Because引導的句子做原因狀語從句，既然是從句，那么前面就不應該使用句號使其獨立成句，而應該改成逗號，because首字母小寫。

六、   詞性使用錯誤

e.g. One possible solution is using the new energy to instead of the traditional energy.

Instead of是介詞，而這里構(gòu)成to do（不定式），只能用動詞。因此，可改為：

One possible solution is using the new energy to replace the traditional energy.

e.g. Nowadays, some students study many subjects in university, which leads to that they suffer great mental pressure.

Lead to中to是介詞，后面不能直接加句子，因此可在leads to后加一名詞，構(gòu)成同位語從句：

Nowadays, some students study many subjects in university, which leads to the fact that they suffer great mental pressure. 或Nowadays, some students study many subjects in university, which makes them suffer great mental pressure.

七、   從句的誤用和濫用

e.g. The reason why I assert it is necessary for government to provide better education and health care for rural areas because it can ensure all citizens to have access to them.

“why…rural areas”在句中作the reason的定語，固定句式“the reason why…is that…”why引導的定語從句和that引導的表語從句連用，氣勢磅礴，這就是所謂的高分句型。

e.g. In this essay, I will discuss what those, who are two kinds of people in this topic, are how to think and how to choose. 實再迂回婉轉(zhuǎn)，不知所云。

除了上面所列其中語法錯誤情況以外，常見語法錯誤還包括：主謂一致，時態(tài)，特殊句型（如倒裝句，強調(diào)句等）使用錯誤以及邏輯問題等。

希望眾考生能多練筆，給老師批改。把常犯的錯誤記下來，分析錯誤的成因，以后練習中提醒自己不要再犯。只要這樣堅持一段時間，相信you can make a difference。