以下是常州朗閣雅思寫作培訓(xùn)名師和大家分享如何提升雅思寫作句式變化。
一、同義轉(zhuǎn)換
寫作中，句式多變的方法和其本身的語言魅力是至關(guān)重要的。當(dāng)然，這只是第一點，更重要的是我們不斷強(qiáng)調(diào)的：雅思考試無處不在的“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”。不管是閱讀還是聽力，同義轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象更是無處不在了，大家在熟悉了雅思的同義轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象后，在閱讀理解中能夠很快定位（locate）到答案所在原文的近似位置，從而很快地找到并填對答案。在任何一篇英文文章中，都能夠體會到精彩的“同義轉(zhuǎn)換考試技巧”的魔力！
讓我們回到雅思寫作中來。實際上，我們稍微想一想就可以明白寫作和閱讀理解是一回事。有寫出來的文章，才談得上之后讀者或者是考生的閱讀，也就才涉及到閱讀理解的能力等等的說法。雅思A類寫作即學(xué)術(shù)類（Academic）寫作，要求寫出來的文章是比較正式的文體。為了深刻體會寫作中的同義轉(zhuǎn)換的重要性和必要性，我們來看下面這篇議論文片段，體會一下無處不在的同義轉(zhuǎn)換。
...The purpose of our study is to consider several methodological issues relevant for study of the monetary transmission process. These issues involve relative emphasis on monetary shocks as opposed to systematic policy adjustments; vector autoregression vs. Structural modelling research strategies...
這里as opposed to等同于vs.（versus的縮寫形式），為了避免重復(fù)，作者用了同義表達(dá)的技巧。
大家再看一個典型的雅思作文的片段：
The appearance of cars has caused many social problems. What is your opinion?
...I believe cars have indeed caused many problems in society and we need to reduce the use of cars.
First of all, we must consider the severe traffic caused by cars...
Another consideration is that cars generate serious pollution...
Admittedly, cars facilitate our travel and make people’s daily commute much easier than before. However, the adverse effects of cars significantly outweigh the benefits they bring.
這里表現(xiàn)的實際是一種非常常見的同義轉(zhuǎn)換現(xiàn)象，就是不同詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換使用來表達(dá)相同的意思。動詞consider與another consideration的交換使用顯得作者寫作技巧成熟，也使得文章不單調(diào)重復(fù)，也只有這樣的文章才能符合考官的口味，才能贏得高分！
在學(xué)術(shù)類寫作中，常州朗閣雅思寫作培訓(xùn)名師認(rèn)為同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換表達(dá)之常見從以下幾段小文章可見一斑。以下都是經(jīng)典的雅思作文范文的節(jié)選，請仔細(xì)體會模仿。
【范文1】
Any government, whether rich or poor, cannot put every penny into education, even though it may be trying to improve overall conditions for education and to create much needed rewards for teachers. Private schools, on the other hand, help to narrow government spending on education by charging wealthy students expensive tuition fees in return for superior learning facilities and highly sought after staff. That is why governments throughout the world, whether developed or developing, encourage individuals and enterprises to establish private schools. The Chinese government has even put forward an incentive to support any interested parties, both in China and from overseas, to help promote and expand existing private education across the country.
【解析】
rich和wealthy近義
【范文2】
Firstly, modern people suffer from greater tension so that they have less time to communicate with each other. More and more people are living in urban areas, where life has a quick rhythm. Due to fierce competition, city dwellers have to be hard-working in order to keep up with the pace of city life. Everybody is busy all the time and the other increasing pressures at work deprive us of a casual way of life. Moreover, living in apartments in isolated blocks, we are becoming more and more removed from each other. And more often than not, it is no longer convenient for us to meet one anther freely.
【解析】
tensions表達(dá)了和pressures完全相同的意思，但是這樣寫不會顯得單調(diào)重復(fù)；劃線部分也是一種巧妙的同義改寫形式：have less time to communicate with each other意思就是becoming more and more removed from each other，但是用了同義轉(zhuǎn)換立即給文章增添了色彩！
【范文3】
Activities in environments that pose great danger to humans, such as locating sunken ships, cleanup of nuclear waste, prospecting for underwater mineral deposits, and active volcano exploration, are ideally suited to robots. Similarly, robots can explore distant planets. NASA’s Galileo, an unpiloted space probe, travelled to Jupiter in 1996 and performed tasks such as determining the chemical content of the atmosphere there.
【解析】
名詞exploration與動詞explore交錯使用，達(dá)到簡潔卻又非常有效的同義轉(zhuǎn)換效果！
總之，在雅思寫作中，一定要學(xué)會并能靈活運(yùn)用這種百試不爽的“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”技巧。想一想，在現(xiàn)實生活中，你愿意和一個說話總是重復(fù)一種老套模式的人交談嗎？從這個角度想，你就能明白為什么你利用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”雅思考官會給你一個好分?jǐn)?shù)了。
二、行云流水
古人講究“行云流水擊節(jié)而歌，杏花巷里沽酒餞行”。只有行文如流水，寫出的文章才能彰顯流暢。而英文寫作要求的不是那種委婉，要求思路清晰，文章脈絡(luò)一目了然，講究的是很強(qiáng)的邏輯性。這些特點在學(xué)術(shù)性雅思作文中顯得尤為突出。這就要求我們能遵循簡潔而不是簡單（concise but not simple）并有邏輯的布局謀篇。
那么如何做到雅思作文的“行云流水”呢？下面我們用一段非常常見的雅思議論文片段來說明：
Avoiding pollution can be a full-time job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes; keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at home. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical “nasties” are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities. Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.
這段話第一句陳述一個論斷，緊接著用三個并列的動作（動詞短語來實現(xiàn)）加以闡釋。接著用指代詞“it”銜接前文提到的內(nèi)容，而后用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞“but”做一個小轉(zhuǎn)折，最后用一個“since”呈現(xiàn)出一個因果關(guān)系（Since the average American spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.）。整段文章非常緊湊，搭配合理，銜接自然緊密，邏輯清晰，用詞多變，是具有代表性的優(yōu)秀段落。這就是我們要達(dá)到的理想雅思作文。
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