雅思聽力題型擊破之配對題
朗閣海外考試研究中心 張敏
在雅思聽力的主流題型中，配對題一直是眾多烤鴨心中的痛，面對配對題，他們總是迷茫而無助。配對題雖然不是每次必考的題目，但通常題量保持在4-7題之間，最多出現(xiàn)過11題，由此看來，分值還是很可觀的。實質(zhì)上，配對題核心考查要點和選擇題是一樣的，但是由于節(jié)奏較快，考點密集，難度大于選擇題，加上烤鴨們由于缺乏對這類題型的總結(jié)，因此導(dǎo)致得分率不高，只有干著急的份。今天，朗閣海外考試研究中心的老師就來幫大家解決這樣的難題。
配對題屬于較為特殊的選擇類題型，這一種題型有三大題型特點：
① 題目本身包括題干及匹配選項的內(nèi)容；
② 考生在聽的過程中需要對題干、選項匹配內(nèi)容和錄音三組信息進(jìn)行理解和對應(yīng)，這也是這一種題型其難點所在；
③ 定位相對比較容易
考試中，配對題有三種常見形式：① 選項多于空；② 選項等于空；③ 選項少于空。其中，②選項等于空：即一對一匹配，除了選項利用率上與①不同之外，其余的出題特征和做題思路極為相近。
配對題的考察要點在于考生對同義轉(zhuǎn)換的反應(yīng)能力。選擇題中經(jīng)常是題干和選項在聽力語音中都被同義轉(zhuǎn)換了，但配對題主要針對選項進(jìn)行同義轉(zhuǎn)換，所以大家要花功夫分析選項中哪些詞語容易被替換掉，可能替換成哪些表達(dá)，做到心中有數(shù)，聽的時候才能有的放矢。同時，在審題中，可以借助簡單的符號和漢字對選項的核心語義進(jìn)行提煉，這樣，聽的過程中不需要二次審題，節(jié)約時間，提高了解題效率。
范例分析：選項多于空的配對題。題目是對于theatre的變化部分進(jìn)行描述，然后將每一個部分的具體變化進(jìn)行匹配。
錄音原文：Lynne: The first thing people will see when they go in is the foyer has been repainted in the original green and gold. Then the box office has been reoriented with its own access from the side of the building instead of through the foyer, which means it can be open longer hours, and has more space, too.
示例分析：foyer在題干中沒有給出，屬干擾；這里的then是非常好的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系承接詞，提醒注意box office的出現(xiàn)。接下來，the box office has been reoriented with its own access from the side of the building中，reoriented、its own access和B選項given separate entrance相對應(yīng)。
生詞補(bǔ)充：
foyer大廳
reoriented重新確定位置
with its own access有自己的入口
錄音原文：The shop is the one part of the redevelopment which isn’t yet complete. We hope to reopen the shop in the next few months.
示例分析：在定位詞shop出現(xiàn)后，isn’t yet complete、to reopen the shop in the next few months均能夠幫助確定答案G選項 temporarily closed。
錄音原文：Man: Will audiences find any difference in the auditorium?
Lynne: Yes, we’ve increased the leg-room between the rows. This means that there are now fewer seats.
示例分析：當(dāng)男的問到auditorium時，若知道是觀眾席的意思，則知道定位到13題，隨后fewer seats較容易就能對應(yīng)上C選項reduced in number。
錄音原文：We have already had a few seats which were suitable for wheelchair users, and now there are twice as many.
示例分析：We have already had a few seats which were suitable for wheelchair users這一句又是非常明顯的，容易定位到14題，now there are twice as many對應(yīng)上doubled in number選項A。
錄音原文：Something else that will benefit audiences is the new lifts. The two we used to have were very small and slow. They’ve now gone. And we’ve got much more efficient ones.
示例分析：講到lift時，They’ve now gone可以判斷對應(yīng)E選項replaced, 當(dāng)然，The two we used to have were……we’ve got much more efficient ones也是可以幫助推斷的。
綜合來看，配對題對于考生的解題能力是有很高要求的，需要平時針對性的多做練習(xí)，積累常見同義互換，同時結(jié)合審題聽題的基本技巧，才能在考場上有很好的發(fā)揮。
